8-count

Music is often counted in 8s. An 8-count is a specific section of a combo that consists of… 8 counts.

Arabesque

Achieved by extending one leg to the back, usually lifted to 45 degrees or higher.

Battement

“Grand battement” or “kick.” A large, quick throw of a straightened leg.

Ball Change

Transfer of weight from one foot to another, usually done by only putting weight on the ball of one foot before moving back onto the other. Generally used for transitions. 

Bass

Represents the lowest pitch produced by either vocally or using an instrument (bass drum, bass guitar) and in dance, it is usually expressed as a grounded, hard-hitting movement. Instructors might instead say “boom” to express the bass when teaching.

Body Roll

To move through a body roll, start by pushing your chest forward and arching your back. Then, pushing your hips forward, allow your upper body to contract to create a rolling motion in your torso.

Breaking

Originating in the 1970s alongside rap music, this street style incorporates intricate footwork, pantomime, tumbling, and improvised interpretations of the music. Breaking is often associated with cyphers and dance battles.

Châinés

“Linked like a chain.” With your feet in relevé, you’ll take a series of small steps with your feet remaining in first position, turning the body 180 degrees with each step. Also called a three-step turn.

Contemporary

Style of dance that originated out of the more traditional ballet, modern, lyrical, and jazz styles. Characterized by expressive movements used to tell a story.

Contraction

Creating a C-shape with the torso by curling the tailbone under and activating the abdominals.

Coupé

“To cut.” Technically, a coupe is a small intermediary step between moves but it is often used outside of ballet to note a specific position. In a coupé, the foot is placed either in front of or behind the ankle when turned out or directly next to the standing leg’s ankle in parallel.

Cypher

With deep roots in hip hop, African, and even religious histories, a cypher is when a group stands in a circle to take turns freestyling in the middle. Also known as a freestyle circle.

Dynamic

Refers to the execution of a movement. A routine is considered more dynamic if it varies in energy levels, speeds, levels, and textures, for example.

Embrace

In partner dances, there is close and open embrace. Open embrace refers to a position where the leader and follower stand facing each other holding a frame making contact with their arms. Close embrace is a type of position where the leader and follower stand facing each other in full or partial body contact. The dancers ma stand in front of each other or stand offset from one another, such that each has their right foot in between the feet of their partner.

Fan Kick

A straight-legged battement that sweeps in front of the body from corner to corner in an arc-like motion.

First Position

A position of the feet with heels together and toes turned out.

Fixed Point

A part of your body, usually a hand, which you keep in one place in space while moving the rest of your body, creating an illusion that the body part is “locked” in that spatial location.

Flexed

Refers to hands or feet. With arms by your sides, a flexed hand would have fingers pointing away from your body and palms facing down. A flexed foot is the opposite of a pointed toe.

Focus

Where you are looking while you dance.

Forced Arch

A bent knee while on relevé.

Full Out

Dancing with 100% of your energy with performance.

Fundamentals

Originating from 1970s hip hop culture, the fundamentals refer to the different styles of hip hop that emerged at that time: Since then, styles of hip hop have expanded to include breaking, popping, locking, house, punking/waacking, krumping, vogueing, and more.

Grapevine

Four steps toward one side with your body facing forward. Usually, the order of the steps are cross behind, step side, cross behind, step together. 

Groups

After you learn a dance combo, the class will often be split up into smaller sections. These groups take turns performing for one another. Watching the other groups is just as important to learning as performing in a group. Some choreographers choose a Select Group who performed especially well in class. Usually the Select Group will be filmed.

Hi-hat

The sound produced by the hi-hat cymbal of a drum kit. Instructors might say “tsst” to express this sound while teaching.

Improv (Freestyle)

Short for improvisation. Un-choreographed movement where the dancer spontaneously expresses themselves.

Isolations

The act of moving only one part of the body such as the head or shoulder while everything else is still.

Heels

A feminine style of dance where the dancers wear heels to accentuate their leg line. Often characterized by sensual movements and stylized posing.

Hinge

With the knees bent, press the pelvis forward as the torso (while staying flat) tilts in a diagonal toward the back.

Hip Roll

While standing, isolate your hips so that they move in a circle (forward, side, back, side) in one smooth movement without pausing.

Hold

Pause in the current move for a designated amount of counts.

Krumping

Characterized by exaggerated, highly energetic movement consisting primarily of stomps, jabs, chest pops, and arm swings. This style originated from young dancers expressing themselves non-violently to escape gang culture in Los Angeles.

Leading and Following

This is the non-verbal communication from the leader to the follower indicating the direction, timing, and style, among other things. 

Levels

Utilizing the space above and below you versus only moving side to side.

Line of dance

Refers to the counterclockwise movement around the floor that dancers in traveling dances like Waltz and Tango follow. This is very important as it minimizes collisions on the dance floor!  

Locking

Usually done in conjunction with popping, locking is a separate style where muscles contract to create dynamics.

Lunge

A position where one leg is bent while the other is straight when the legs are apart.

Lyrics

The words in a song that are sung to a melody. Lyrics don’t always follow the structure of an 8-count. Most choreographers will sometimes create based on the lyrics versus the music. Lyrics also help tell the story.

Marking

Practicing a combo using a lower amount of energy.

Milking

Extending or dragging out a move through the end of a count instead of stopping the move at the end of the count. 

Musicality

A dancer’s connection to the music. Good musicality refers to when a dancer can match the rhythm and mood of the music through their style or dynamics.

Pas du boureé

Three steps, usually stepping back, side, front.

Passe

Usually refers to the same position as “retiré” which describes one knee bending as the foot comes to the knee of the standing leg.

Picture

Similar to pose, when a choreography talks about a picture, they are making sure you are creating a clear picture for the audience before moving on to the next step.

Pirouette -a rotation, whirl or spin

Controlled turn on one leg while in relevé. The lifted leg is usually in a passe (or retiré) position during a pirouette.

Plié

Bending of the knee.

Popping

Style of dance created by Boogaloo Sam in 1970s Fresno California. Characterized by the quick tensing and releasing of muscles to create a pop effect.

Pose

Moving into a still position as if a photo is being taken to capture that moment in time.

Relevé

Technically, relevé refers to lifting the heels from a plie position. Typically used interchangeably with elevé which means lifting the heels to balance on the ball of the foot.

Rhythm

Repetitive patterns within music. When counting music with the rhythm, dancers are able to measure our movements and stay in time.

Ronde de jambe

“Around the leg.” The act of circling one leg around the standing leg. 

Shimmy

Shaking your shoulders rapidly in an alternating pattern.

Soutenu

Crossing one foot in front of the other to turn 360 degrees on relevé. Also known as a cross turn. 

Social Dancing or “Social”

This is a relaxed and non-competitive version of ballroom and latin dance styles. It is less formal than exhibition dancing and is meant to be enjoyed while socializing with other people in a relaxed setting. Three of the most important skills for good social dancing is “leading”, “following” and “navigation”.

Snare

Sharp sound, similar to that of a clap, produced by the snare drum. Instructors might say “kah” to represent the snare while teaching.

Slows and quicks

This refers to how the dancer’s steps to the music. Slows take up two beats, and quicks are one beat. 

Spotting

Refers to when a dancer turns, “spotting” means to rotate the body and head at different rates. While the body rotates smoothly at a relatively constant speed, the head periodically rotates much faster and then stops, so as to fix the dancer’s gaze on a single location (the spotting point, or simply the spot).

Standing Leg

The leg bearing weight and supporting the entire body.

Strings

Refers to the stringed instruments used in a song such as the guitars or violins. Especially in instrumental or acoustic songs, the strings are usually producing the melody that you’ll be dancing to.

Switch Lines

Those at the back of the class “switch lines” to come to the front. Those at the front of the class move to that back to allow everyone a chance to see the instructor.

Syncopation

In dance this refers to when there are two steps in one beat, like in many dance styles like as the name suggests, Syncopated Hustle.  

Synth

Short for a sound synthesizer, an instrument made popular in the 1980s that produces synthesized music. Creates a long bass-like sound that represents most of 80s pop music.

Tempo

How fast or slow a piece of music is. In dance, you will often learn choreography at a slower tempo before speeding it up to be performed “at tempo” of the actual music.

Tendu

“Stretched.” With toes remaining on the floor, tendu is the act of stretching one leg away from the standing leg while keeping it straight.

Texture

How the move feels. Is it smooth or staccato? Is it sustained or sharp? Make it bouncy. Make it gooey. These are texture cues an instructor might give. You can also combine textures to make a move even more dynamic.

Transitions

Connector moves. A ball change is an example of a transition. 

Travel

If you hear an instructor tell you to travel during a step, that means they want you to move further across the floor versus dancing under yourself. Traveling helps you dance more dynamically.

Urban Dance

The choreography and performance of street styles associated with hip hop. Since hip hop culture started as a totally freestyle movement, urban dance is the ability to capture those styles, perfect them, and perform them.

Vogueing

Originating from 1980s drag ball culture in New York, vogueing is a dance style that incorporates posing inspired by high fashion, contortion, gymnastics, and stylized walking.

Waacking

Originating from LGBT culture in Los Angeles, waacking (or punking) is characterized by specific arm movements by throwing your arms around your head and behind your shoulders. Also heavily incorporates posing.

Waving

A style of hip hop classified by creating wavelike moves with the body. Also refers to a specific type of movement which involves isolating parts of the body in rapid succession in a fluid manner to create the illusion of waves traveling through those body parts.

Working Leg – The leg that is currently being used to execute a movement or position.